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If you adjudicate a competition or dispute, you officially decide who is right or what should be done concerning any difficulties that may arise.
If you describe a decision, rule, or plan as arbitrary, you think that it has been decided without any thought, principle, or system to guide it; therefore, it can seem unfair.
A catatonic person is in a state of suspended action; therefore, they are rigid, immobile, and unresponsive.
Cogitating about something is thinking deeply about it for a long time.
Cognitive describes those things related to judgment, memory, and other mental processes of knowing.
When you contemplate something, you either think about it deeply or gaze at it intently.
A cursory examination or reading of something is very quick, incomplete, and does not pay close attention to detail.
If you deliberate, you think about or discuss something very carefully, especially before making an important decision.
If you delineate something, such as an idea or situation or border, you describe it in great detail.
When you envisage something, you imagine or consider its future possibility.
Something ephemeral, such as some insects or a sunset, lasts for only a short time or has a very short lifespan.
Something that is extemporaneous, such as an action, speech, or performance, is done without any preparation or practice beforehand.
When you formulate an action, you carefully plan or work it out in great detail ahead of time.
An impromptu speech is unplanned or spontaneous—it has not been practiced in any way beforehand.
When you improvise, you have to make something up with no notice ahead of time since you have been surprised by an unexpected situation that has arisen.
When you act in an imprudent fashion, you do something that is unwise, is lacking in good judgment, or has no forethought.
Something that is done inadvertently is not done intentionally; rather, it is an accident that happens because someone is not being attentive to their surroundings.
When something is inert, it has no power of movement or is inactive.
A person who is judicious shows good or sound judgment because they are wise and careful in making a decision.
When you are listless, you lack energy and interest and are unwilling to exert any effort.
Someone is considered meticulous when they act with careful attention to detail.
Something that is notional exists only as an idea or in theory—not in reality.
Someone is obtuse when they are slow to understand things; someone can choose to be obtuse when they deliberately do not try to figure things out.
To be punctilious is to pay precise attention to detail.
A state of quiescence is one of quiet and restful inaction.
A reverie is a state of pleasant dreamlike thoughts that makes you forget what you are doing and what is happening around you.
A scrupulous person takes great care to do everything in an extremely honest, conscientious, and fair manner.
If you are somnolent, you are sleepy.
Something soporific makes you feel sleepy or drowsy.
Spontaneity is freedom to act when and how you want to, often in an unpredictable or unplanned way.
Stasis is a state of little change over a long period of time.
Stupor is a state in which someone’s mind and senses are dulled; consequently, they are unable to think clearly or act normally, usually due to the use of alcohol or drugs.
If your body is affected by torpor, you are severely lacking in energy; therefore, you are idle—and can even be numb.
Something that has the quality of transience lasts for only a short time or is constantly changing.
If you do something in an unwitting fashion, you didn’t know that you were doing it; therefore, it was unintentional on your part.
A whimsical idea or person is slightly strange, unusual, and amusing rather than serious and practical.
Verb
ruminate
ROO-muh-nayt
Context
After the debate on television, I ruminated on or deeply considered the candidates’ words. Although I carefully thought or ruminated about their statements all day, it didn’t help me decide how to cast my vote. I wondered if the candidates spent much time ruminating about current issues, or if they simply repeated what speech writers and campaign managers told them to say.
Quiz:Try again!
What does it mean to ruminate?
To pretend to have all the answers.
To think about or reflect on an issue for a long time.
CateAte Her Cumin? I ruminated for hours over whether Cateate her cumin; cumin ruminating is no fun, let me tell you that!
Examples
Bogusch and Ernay did a terrific job of keeping listeners abreast of the play while giving Cronin and me room to ruminate about a particular point or a player.
—
Sports Illustrated
Baked would be good because everyone likes cookies/muffin-like things in class so I'll have to ruminate over the choices and get back to you with my selection.
—
Cooking Light
Squaring the circle The Global Forum on Migration and Development meets in the Philippines in 2008 to ruminate on how to use remittances to cut poverty.
—
The Economist
As an infant continues to ruminate, he or she often learns to keep more and more of the regurgitated food in the mouth.
—
BNET
A ruminant, such as a cow or sheep, has a “rumen” or series of stomachs that attach to its “gullet” or “throat,” whose function is to digest grass. Ruminants will often chew for hours on their cud, or partially digested mass of grass, that comes up from their “rumen” through their “throat” after they have swallowed it once already. Hence, when one ruminates, one mentally “chews” something over and over before coming to a decision.